Cryptorchidism is one of the most common genital problems seen in boys. This term refers to an undescended testis (testicle) into the scrotum. Untreated cryptorchidism clearly has adverse effects on the testis over time. Normal testicular development begins very early in the pregnancy. Development of testis in the child is dependent of a gene located in the Y chromosome, resulting in the formation of testicular tissue from 3-5 weeks of pregnancy and this tissue starts to produce testosterone already at 9 weeks of pregnancy.
Inguinal (groin) hernias are the most common surgical disorder in children. Many times inguinal hernias are noticed as an increase in volume in the inguinal (groin) area that can affect babies and older children. Hernias usually cause discomfort or pain that can be continuous or intermittent. Inguinal hernias always need surgical treatment because of the potential serious complications, content of the abdominal cavity (Intestine, abdominal fat, ovaries and other anatomical structures) can get trapped inside the hernia leading to tissue death (necrosis).
The foreskin, or prepuce, protects the glans (head of the penis) against urine, feces and other types of irritation agents. It also protects against infection and scarring of the urinary opening (meatus) and protects the sensitivity of the glans. At birth, it is unusual for the foreskin to be retractable because of the incomplete separation between the skin layers and also the conical shape of the foreskin. Only about a 4% of the newborns have a fully retractable foreskin and in 54% the tip of the glans...
Vascular anomalies of the skin in children and adults comprise a wide variety of lesions that are present from birth (sometimes known as birthmarks) or that develop during childhood or later in life.
